Gastro-oesophageal reflux/disease in infants

P78.8-9


DESCRIPTION

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is the passive regurgitation of gastric content into the oesophagus. It may be a normal physiological phenomenon in infants, children and adults. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is when GOR results in abnormal or pathological complications.

Symptoms

Frequent positing/regurgitation of small amounts of milk/food.

GENERAL MEASURES

In the absence of referral criteria (features of GORD), no medicine treatment is required. Counselling and non-medicinal measures are suggested:

  • Explain that GOR is common and resolves in the majority of children by the age of 12–18 months.
  • Upright positioning after feeds.

REFERRAL

  • Failure to thrive (growth faltering).
  • Abnormal posturing with opisthotonus or torticollis (Sandifer’s syndrome).
  • Respiratory symptoms, i.e. recurrent wheeze or cough, chronic obstructive airway disease, recurrent aspiration/pneumonia, stridor, apnoea and apparent life-threatening events.