3.1 Combined/multiple abnormalities
Bi- or pancytopaenia: systematic disease affecting bone marrow e.g. aplastic anaemia.
3.2 Abnormalities of red blood cells
Anaemia: haemorrhage, haemolysis, haematinic deficiencies or
haematological malignancy.
Polycythaemia: compensatory mechanism in hypoxia.
3.3 Abnormalities of white blood cells
Leukopaenia or leukocytosis and abnormal function: infection, tumours, allergies.
3.4 Abnormalities of platelets
Thrombocytopaenia or thrombocytosis & abnormal function: bleeding, infections.
3.5 Abnormalities with bleeding
Clotting factors from intrinsic, extrinsic and/or final common pathway and platelet number and/or function abnormal.
3.6 Abnormalities with thrombosis and embolism
Virchow’s triad: vessel/circulation/hypercoagulability - can be arterial or venous.
Common blood products dosing, volumes and storage
Red cell products:
Storage: between 1-6 degrees Celsius,
Administered by: blood administration sets.
- Paediatric red cell concentrate (volume 25 - 150 mL).
- Paediatric red cell concentrate: leucodepleted (75 mL).
- Packed cells (volume in mL) = 4 x weight x desired increase in haemoglobin.
- Whole blood (volume 485mL) leucodepleted: used in exchange transfusion volume to be infused = 6 x weight x deficit.
Platelet products:
Storage: do not refrigerate, use immediately.
Administration: special platelet administration set.
- Paediatric platelets concentrate single donor apheresis leucodepleted (50 - 60 mL).
- Platelet concentrate single donor apheresis leucodepleted (100-300 mL).
- Random donor pooled platelets (200-300 mL).
- Platelet concentrates = 5 - 10 mL/kg used for ordering, but administer the entire volume.
Plasma products:
Storage and administration: transfuse immediately after reconstitution and issue.
Clotting Factors:
- Fresh Frozen Plasma (75mL) (kept in blood bank)
- 15mL/kg/dose (100 iu/unit)
- Fresh Dried Plasma (260mL) (can be kept on the shelf)
- 15mL/kg/dose (100-160 mL)
- Cryoprecipitate-fibrinogen rich (30 mL)
- 1 u/10 kg/dose (150-200 iu/unit)
- Factor VIII concentrate
- 25-50 iu/kg/dose (100-500 iu/unit)
- Factor IX concentrate
- 40-60 iu/kg/dose