Reference 34

Level I Good quality evidence Systematic review of RCTs with
consistent findings
High quality individual RCT
Level II Limited quality patient
orientated evidence
Systematic review of lower quality
studies or studies with inconsistent
findings
Low quality clinical trial
Cohort studies
Case-control studies
Level III Other Consensus guidelines, extrapolations
from bench research, usual practice,
opinion, disease-oriented evidence
(intermediate or physiologic outcomes
only), or case series

[34] Bipolar disorder management (predominantly depressive symptoms): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Overview of management of bipolar disorders in adults, March 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/

Lithium, oral (depressive residual symptoms): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Lithium, oral for bipolar disorders in adults, October 2018. http://www.health.gov.za/

Lamotrigine, oral (depressive residual symptoms and prevention of depressive relapse): Bipolar disorder management: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Overview of management of bipolar disorders in adults, March 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/

Lamotrigine, oral (depressive residual symptoms and prevention of depressive relapse): Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA, Mitsuyasu H, Tanaka S, Stockton S, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1(5):351-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26360999

Quetiapine, oral (acute treatment of depression and prevention of relapse): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Quetiapine, oral for treatment and prevention of depression in bipolar disorder in adults, March 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/

Quetiapine, oral (depressive residual symptoms): Butler M, Urosevic S, Desai P, Sponheim SR, Popp J, Nelson VA, et al. Treatment for Bipolar Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Rockville (MD) 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532183/

Quetiapine, oral (depressive residual symptoms): Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA, Mitsuyasu H, Tanaka S, Stockton S, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1(5):351-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26360999

Quetiapine, oral (depressive residual symptoms): Lindstrom L, Lindstrom E, Nilsson M, Hoistad M. Maintenance therapy with second generation antipsychotics for bipolar disorder - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders. 2017;213:138-50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28222360

Quetiapine, oral (depressive residual symptoms): Kessing LV, Bauer M, Nolen WA, Severus E, Goodwin GM, Geddes J. Effectiveness of maintenance therapy of lithium vs other mood stabilizers in monotherapy and in combinations: a systematic review of evidence from observational studies. Bipolar Disord. 2018 Feb 14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29441712

Clozapine, oral (refractory bipolar disorder). National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Clozapine for refractory bipolar disorders in adults, March 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/

Clozapine, oral (refractory bipolar disorder): Li XB, Tang YL, Wang CY, de Leon J. Clozapine for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Bipolar Disord. 2015 May;17(3):235-47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25346322