Level I | Good quality evidence |
Systematic review of RCTs with consistent findings High quality individual RCT |
Level II |
Limited quality patient orientated evidence |
Systematic review of lower quality studies or studies with inconsistent findings Low quality clinical trial Cohort studies Case-control studies |
Level III | Other |
Consensus guidelines, extrapolations from bench research, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented evidence (intermediate or physiologic outcomes only), or case series |
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Lithium, oral (acute manic symptoms): Butler M, Urosevic S, Desai P, Sponheim SR, Popp J, Nelson VA, et al. Treatment for Bipolar Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Rockville (MD) 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532183/
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Valproate, oral (acute treatment of mania and prevention of relapse): Bipolar disorder management: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Overview of management of bipolar disorders in adults, March 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/
Olanzapine, oral (acute treatment of mania and prevention of relapse): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Olanzapine, oral for treatment and prevention of mania in bipolar disorder in adults, March 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/
Olanzapine, oral (acute treatment of mania): Butler M, Urosevic S, Desai P, Sponheim SR, Popp J, Nelson VA, et al. Treatment for Bipolar Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Rockville (MD)2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532183/
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