| Level I | Good quality evidence |
Systematic review of RCTs with consistent findings High quality individual RCT |
|---|---|---|
| Level II |
Limited quality patient orientated evidence |
Systematic review of lower quality studies or studies with inconsistent findings Low quality clinical trial Cohort studies Case-control studies |
| Level III | Other |
Consensus guidelines, extrapolations from bench research, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented evidence (intermediate or physiologic outcomes only), or case series |
[6] Adrenaline (epinephrine), SC: de Silva HA, Pathmeswaran A, Ranasinha CD, Jayamanne S, Samarakoon SB, Hittharage A, Kalupahana R, Ratnatilaka GA, Uluwatthage W, Aronson JK, Armitage JM, Lalloo DG, de Silva HJ. Low-dose adrenaline, promethazine, and hydrocortisone in the prevention of acute adverse reactions to antivenom following snakebite: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2011 May;8(5):e1000435. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21572992
Adrenaline (epinephrine), SC: Nuchpraryoon I, Garner P. Interventions for preventing reactions to snake antivenom. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD002153. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21572992