| Level I | Good quality evidence |
Systematic review of RCTs with consistent findings High quality individual RCT |
| Level II |
Limited quality patient orientated evidence |
Systematic review of lower quality studies or studies with inconsistent findings Low quality clinical trial Cohort studies Case-control studies |
| Level III | Other |
Consensus guidelines, extrapolations from bench research, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented evidence (intermediate or physiologic outcomes only), or case series |
[50] Dextrose 50%, IV & high dose insulin: Graudins A, Lee HM, Druda D. Calcium channel antagonist and beta-blocker
overdose: antidotes and adjunct therapies. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;81(3):453-61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26344579
Dextrose 50%, IV & high dose insulin: Greene SL, Gawarammana I, Wood DM, Jones AL, Dargan PI. Relative safety of hyperinsulinaemia/euglycaemia therapy in the management of calcium channel blocker overdose: a prospective observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Nov;33(11):2019-24. Epub 2007 Jul 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17622512
Dextrose 50%, IV & high dose insulin: Patel NP, Pugh ME, Goldberg S, Eiger G. Hyperinsulinemiceuglycemia therapy for verapamil poisoning: a review. Am J Crit Care. 2007 Sep;16(5):498-503.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17724247
Dextrose 50%, IV & high dose insulin: Engebretsen KM, Kaczmarek KM, Morgan J, Holger JS. High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011 Apr;49(4):277-83. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563902