Parkinsonism, primary


G20/G21.1

IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON DISEASE

DESCRIPTION

Parkinsonism is a syndrome characterised by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural disturbances. It may be primary, i.e. Parkinson’s disease, or secondary, i.e. drug-induced, or due to uncommon disorders that may initially resemble Parkinson’s disease.

The objective of treatment is to:

  • minimise disabling symptoms
  • prevent complications and avoid serious drug-induced side effects

GENERAL MEASURES

General supportive therapy and advice about lifestyle modification, physiotherapy and occupational therapy.

MEDICINE TREATMENT

Note: Set therapeutic targets so that the patient is functioning as well as possible.

Bradykinesia, rigidity and postural disturbance:

  • Carbidopa/levodopa, 25/100 mg (1 tablet), oral, 8 hourly, increase gradually according to clinical response.
    • Maximum dose of 200/800 mg daily (8 tablets).
    • Increase dose in consultation with a specialist.

REFERRAL

  • Alternative diagnosis suspected (e.g. Parkinson’s plus disorders etc.)
  • No improvement or poor control with treatment.
  • Increasing on/off phenomenon.
  • Dyskinesias.