R06.0+ (Z51.5)
DESCRIPTION
Dyspnoea is the subjective unpleasant sensation of being unable to breathe adequately (breathlessness). Dyspnoea is a complex multidimensional symptom with physical, psychological, and emotional dimensions, especially anxiety. The intensity of dyspnoea is generally not related to the oxygen saturation.
Look for reversible causes, e.g. infection, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, bronchospasm and anxiety
The aim should always be to address the cause. However, in end stage disease symptomatic treatment is indicated.
GENERAL MEASURES
Ideally, include a physiotherapist and occupational therapist for pulmonary rehabilitation and to teach patients pursed lip breathing, pacing of activities, relaxation techniques, and positioning.
The use of a fan may reduce the sensation of dyspnoea.
Treat the underlying cause (e.g. antibiotics for underlying respiratory infection) wherever possible.
MEDICINE TREATMENT
- Morphine syrup, oral.
- Starting dose: 2.5–5 mg, 4 hourly as required, titrating up slowly.
Dyspnoea associated with hypoxaemia
- Oxygen.